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This research is devoted to the analysis of the possibility of preservation of reinforced concrete skyscrapers built in the Fifties and Sixties of the 20th Century. The main issue is the adequacy of these structures as they have been designed with Codes that didn’t take into account several variables and parameters. The research proposed here intends to analyze the structural performances of some iconic tall buildings in reinforced concrete, both in Italy and in the United States, in relation to current design code requirements. This analysis is performed going through the work of one of the Italian reference engineers and scientists of the Twentieth Century, Arturo Danusso, and of one of the protagonists of the U.S. reinforced concrete era, Bertrand Goldberg. In the first chapter the influence of Danusso’s theory of frameworks on Earthquake Engineering has been analyzed through the study of his earthquake resistant solution after the Messina-Reggio Calabria event in 1908. Subsequently, all his writings about dynamics in the period 1908-1954 are analyzed. It is evident that he had perfectly understood the importance of the dynamic behavior of structures not only in relation to seismic actions but also with reference to tall buildings designs. All these studies on Earthquake Engineering led him also to give a relevant role to the experimental testing of structures for a full understanding of the dynamic behavior. His experimental activity took advantage of the laboratory at Politecnico di Milano, where he was Professor, and at ISMES in Bergamo, through scaled models. This cultural background was essential in designing the first high-rise buildings in Milan after the World War 2. Indeed, Danusso was involved in the calculations of the main high-rise buildings in Milan in the Fifties, such as the Breda Tower, the Velasca Tower and the Pirelli Building. The design of these skyscrapers exhibits different structural solutions, respectively: the shear wall and rigid frame system, the tube and tube system with a rigid core and the gravity system. In this research, all the original aspects in Danusso’s skyscraper design have been pointed out and have been fundamental in the selection of the comparative case study in United States. Therefore, Bertrand Goldberg, with its Astor Tower and Marina City Towers, has been analyzed as the reference tall building architect in Chicago. Concluding, all the performed structural analyses of the skyscrapers mentioned above have shown high capacity resources and very effective behavior characteristics. These buildings were conceived with a strong initial cooperation between architects and structural engineers, with neither appearing to prevail and both intending to build a significant and durable work for their respective competence. Their innovations are still recognizable nowadays and confirm the need of the synergic collaboration between architects and engineers in the design and construction process

Immeuble-tour --- Skyscrapers --- Tall buildings --- Earthquake engineering. --- Goldberg, Bertrand, - 1913-

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This publication is the follow-up to the highly acclaimed book eVolo Skyscrapers. 150 new skyscrapers submitted to the eVolo Skyscraper Competition are categorized and examined. These super-tall structures take into consideration the advances in technology, the exploration of sustainable systems, and the establishment of new urban and architectural methods to solve economic, social, and cultural problems of the contemporary city; including the scarcity of natural resources and infrastructure and the exponential increase of inhabitants, pollution, economic division, and unplanned urban sprawl.

Skyscrapers --- Tall buildings --- Architecture, Modern --- Visionary architecture. --- Gratte-ciel --- Immeubles de grande hauteur --- Architecture --- Architecture visionnaire --- Designs and plans. --- Competitions. --- Dessins et plans --- Concours

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Outrigger systems are rigid horizontal structures designed to improve a building's stability and strength by connecting the building core or spine to distant columns, much in the way an outrigger can prevent a canoe from overturning. Outriggers have been used in tall, narrow buildings for nearly 500 years, but the basic design principle dates back centuries. In the 1980s, as buildings grew taller and more ambitious, outrigger systems eclipsed tubular frames as the most popular structural approach for supertall buildings. Designers embraced properly proportioned core-and-outrigger schemes as a method to offer far more perimeter flexibility and openness for tall buildings than the perimeter moment or braced frames and bundled tubes that preceded them. However, the outrigger system is not listed as a seismic lateral load-resisting system in any code, and design parameters are not available, despite the increasingly frequent use of the concept. The Council on Tall Buildings and Urban Habitatï's Outrigger Working Group has addressed the pressing need for design guidelines for outrigger systems with this guide, a comprehensive overview of the use of outriggers in skyscrapers. This guide offers detailed recommendations for analysis of outriggers within the lateral load-resisting systems of tall buildings, for recognizing and addressing effects on building behavior and for practical design solutions. It also highlights concerns specific to the outrigger structural system such as differential column shortening and construction sequence impacts. Several project examples are explored in depth, illustrating the role of outrigger systems in tall building designs and providing ideas for future projects. The guide details the impact of outrigger systems on tall building designs, and demonstrates ways in which the technology is continuously advancing to improve the efficiency and stability of tall buildings around the world.

Structural engineering --- Immeubles de grande hauteur --- Technique de la construction. --- Conception et construction --- Standards, Engineering --- Construction industry --- Materials --- Tall buildings --- Safety measures. --- Dynamic testing. --- Buildings. --- Design and construction --- Conception et construction. --- Technique de la construction